1
Core relationship
When measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
Example
The treatment group improved relative to the control group.
relative to
/ˈrelətɪv tuː/ · REL-uh-tiv toocomparison phrase
When measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
Use relative to to express this relationship precisely: when measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
What relative to Really Means
The word becomes easier to use when its closely related senses are separated and compared.
2
Noun-phrase frame
Use this expression in its normal grammatical frame so the relationship between the surrounding ideas remains explicit.
Example
The bird has a large brain relative to its body size.
3
Analytical use
It tells the reader how to interpret the timing, scope, evidence, contrast, condition, or consequence in the statement.
Example
Costs fell relative to the earlier period.
Use relative to Naturally
Notice how the surrounding noun or clause reveals the exact shade of meaning.
The treatment group improved relative to the control group.
The bird has a large brain relative to its body size.
Costs fell relative to the earlier period.
Precision Matters
Relative to overlaps with several common words, but each carries a different emphasis.
relative to
vs.Means when measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
compared with
Means when measured or considered against another case or standard.
relative to
vs.Means when measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
in comparison with
Means when one case is measured or considered against another.
relative to
vs.Means when measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
in relation to
Means with reference to, in connection with, or when considered against something.
relative to
vs.Means when measured, considered, or positioned in comparison with a reference point.
in terms of
Means with regard to a specified aspect, measure, or category.
Test relative to in Context
The inland group supplies the comparison point for the growth claim.
1
The coastal population grew rapidly ___ the inland population.