1
State broad tendency
Describe what is true in most cases.
Example
By and large, the records support the revised chronology.
by and large
/ˌbaɪ ən ˈlɑːdʒ/ · BY un LARJgeneralisation phrase
Generally or for the most part, while allowing exceptions.
Use by and large to signal this exact relationship between ideas: generally or for the most part, while allowing exceptions.
What by and large Really Means
The word becomes easier to use when its closely related senses are separated and compared.
2
Summarise mixed evidence
Give the overall result without denying exceptions.
Example
The reforms were, by and large, successful.
3
Limit generalisation
Signal that a statement is not universal.
Example
Residents were by and large receptive to the proposal.
Use by and large Naturally
Notice how the surrounding noun or clause reveals the exact shade of meaning.
By and large, the records support the revised chronology.
The reforms were, by and large, successful.
Residents were by and large receptive to the proposal.
Precision Matters
By and large overlaps with several common words, but each carries a different emphasis.
by and large
vs.Signals generally or for the most part, while allowing exceptions.
generally
Means in most cases or overall.
by and large
vs.Signals generally or for the most part, while allowing exceptions.
at least
Means not less than a stated minimum; or in any case, used to identify a limited positive point.
by and large
vs.Signals generally or for the most part, while allowing exceptions.
above all
Means most importantly; before every other consideration.
by and large
vs.Signals generally or for the most part, while allowing exceptions.
unequivocally
Means in a completely clear and unambiguous way.
Test by and large in Context
The statement summarises a general tendency while allowing exceptions.
1
___, the survey responses were favourable, though two districts expressed serious concerns.